Журнал «Вопросы экономики» - Вопросы экономики 2012 №01

called
structural autoregression, in which an econometric model is subjected to
a minimal set of theoretical restrictions encompassing a large set of theoretical
models. Then the paper discusses applications of this logic to different situations.
J. Levin, L. Einav
Empirical Industrial Organization: A Progress Report
The article sketches how the field of industrial organization has evolved
to its current state, in particular how the emphasis has shifted over time from
attempts to relate aggregate measures across industries toward more focused
studies of individual industries. The authors describe several active areas of
inquiry, discuss some of the impacts of this research and specify topics where
research efforts have been more or less successful. They also address some current
debates about research emphasis in the field, and more broadly about empirical
methods, and offer some ideas on where future research might go.

The History of Economic Thought
V. Makarov
Outstanding Economist Developing from the Great Mathematician
(to the Centenary of Leonid Kantorovich)
The article considers the life and creative achievements of the great Soviet
scientist academician Leonid Kantorovich, the only Nobel Prize winner in
economics in our country. Basic spheres of his scientific interests are noted, the
contribution to the world science is assessed. The problems connected with the
implementation of optimization methods of planning in the Soviet economy are
shown.
D. K adochnikov
International Coordination of Financial and Economic Policy:
Gustav Cassel’s Theoretical Contribution
Gustav Cassel (1866—1945) developed a number of original ideas in the
field of international finance, which may prove to be relevant today. These
ideas, however, were largely forgotten or remained unnoticed in the second
«Вопросы экономики», № 1, 2012

157

ABSTRACTS

half of the 20th century. To a large extent this is due to the fact that Cassel’s
theoretical framework was fragmented, while one of the key elements of his
argumentation — the purchasing power parity concept — was taken out of
the context and misinterpreted. The paper’s aim is to restore and demonstrate
Cassel’s vision of the goals and significance of the international coordination of
financial and economic policy as an inherently normative perspective.

Institutional Studies
A. Yakovlev, O. Demidova, O. Balaeva
Factors Explaining Price Decrease and Problems by Execution
of Public Procurement Contracts in Russia
The main goal of the public procurement reform in Russia was to limit
corruption. The government prohibited the most part of qualification criteria in the
selection process and used open auctions as the main tool of contract placement.
However simplification of procurement procedures led to opportunism on the side
of suppliers. In this paper using the unique dataset of 2000 contracts executed
in 2008—2010 for a large public customer we define the factors explaining the
risk of suppliers’ non-performance. Econometric analysis showed that under
current procurement regulation in Russia the risks of suppliers’ non-performance
are higher for large contracts, contracts executed in October—December and
contracts placed at open auctions. However contrary to anecdotal evidences,
initial price’ decrease does not influence the performance of contractors.
A. Shastitko, A. Kurdin
Antitrust Policy and Intellectual Property Rights Protection
in Emerging Markets
The article considers the problem of correspondence between antitrust
policy and intellectual property rights protection in terms of their goals,
methods and mutual influence. This question provokes discussions: on the
one hand, innovative development requires strong intellectual property rights
protection to stimulate entrepreneurs, even if it leads to anti-competitive
consequences. On the other hand, maintenance of market competition requires
limiting property rights. The context of the problem changes significantly
when emerging markets economies are concerned. Basing on the formal model,
the authors analyze possible hostile effects of antitrust policies under the
conditions of poor intellectual property rights protection, which is typical for
some developing countries, and propose ways of overcoming the unfavorable
situation. The research shows that antitrust policy needs careful consideration
of the existing institutional environment.
L. Tsedilin
Russian Protectionism: Problems of Institutional Heritage
The article analyzes the pre-revolutionary and the Soviet experience of the
protectionist policies. Special attention is paid to the external economic policy
during the times of NEP (New Economic Policy), socialist industrialization and
the years of 1970—1980s. The results of the state monopoly on foreign trade
and currency transactions in the Soviet Union are summarized; the economic
integration in the frames of Comecon is assessed.
158

«Вопросы экономики», № 1, 2012

ABSTRACTS

A. G olubev
Paradoxical Trends in Russia’s Agrarian Economy
The article shows the opposite development trends of the agrarian economy in
Russia, divided in paradoxical pairs. Among them: reduced reproductive capacity
of agriculture and simultaneous increase of agricultural production efficiency;
deterioration of the material and technical and natural base, combined with
increase in agricultural production; degradation of the Russian countryside and rural
social development, as well as several others. The reasons for these paradoxical
phenomena are analyzed.

Debating-Society
D. G ogohiya
Money and Market
Origins and functions of money, its formative role for emergence and
performance of market economy are considered. Money is interpreted as a socially
accepted form of wealth which role is to neutralize the impact of differences in
liquidity and maintenance costs among traded goods on pricing. This approach
is compared to those of classical, neoclassical and institutional economics. Rival
theories of money origins are used as a background to assess controversies over
contemporary fractional reserve banking. The author discusses measures aimed
at preserving value of money deposits, while keeping bank credits at a moderate
level.

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