Антон Николаевич Геля - America under enemy rule and the world as it is

extremely short lived, in tiny faction of a second they disappear, being transformed into other forms also with various "life span". The natural selection gradually sorts them out– for some of them it takes seconds, for some year, for Uranium half-life is 2.5 billion years. Of course, both intrinsic and extrinsic factors (such as cosmic rays) keep influencing the existing equilibrium, but nevertheless we can call it relatively stable stage of dynamic stability.

Chemical & physical natural selection and dynamic stability:

When our Earth became solid, probably, 6 billion years ago, it was affected by different kinds of energy of extremely high levels , including but not limited to temperature, irradiation, physical processes and chemical reactions which resulted a huge diversity of compounds and chemicals. The Moon was circling around the Earth in a very close proximity of 20,000 km (today almost 20 time farther away), causing tidal waves of lava tsunami splashing through the broken by the gravitational effects Earth crust rather than today's water tides.This variability and diversity presented multiple opportunities to combine them in the nature laboratory later on, which 4.5 billion years ago resulted in the evolving first life forms.

Biological level of natural selection:

My definition of life is rather broad :

"Life is a complex system in the dynamic stability state that in the ever changing environment maintains its dynamic stability by using self-regulation processes with the feed-back loop and reproduces itself". The key word in stability is "dynamic": as Heraclitus noted, you cannot twice step into the same river because the waters keep changing even though the entity considered to stay the same. We ourselves also keep changing– in a period of several months majority of atoms in our body are completely replaced by new ones and yet we consider ourselves "Yes, I am the same person even though I keep changing". One might find inorganic, electronic and even cosmic structures that will meet this definition, and I would consider them a life form too. Computer viruses can be an example. Imagine a self-learning program that will evolve high enough to be self-aware. Well, you've seen those in Sci Fi movies already, but I read about Japanese program like that in a LAN. Hopefully, it will not get sophisticated enough to find a way from LAN (local area network) into WEB (world wide web). We have enough problems without Terminators. In a way, all evolving and self-regulated systems may be considered a living organism: a language and a society too.

There were many life forms in the primary ocean that were as alien to us as another planet life forms. We are not likely to learn about them in a forseeble future because majority of them are gone forever whether due to competition or because of the everchanging environment. We know only about tiny faction of the ancient life forms and species. Primary ocean was a hot place, there was no ice on the planet, so all the fresh water was in the ocean with resulting diluted salt concentration about 0.9%, and since then all the life forms on Earth, whether living in the 24% salt solution or on the Everest mountain, still have the same 0.9% in their blood. Life is very conservative, it almost never re-shuffles the existing structures preferring rather building another "store" on the multi-story building. That's why "social engineering" of human being will never work– we are what we are: the end result of 4.5 billion year natural selection. We share with gorillas 98% of genes, but majority of them are inactive ones that just like uninhabited ground floors with only the upper floor, built on the top, in use. When you compare only working, expressed genes, then the difference between us is significantly bigger. Those of our genes that code for gills, tails, scales or sea worm eyes and brittles normally are repressed.

Almost 100% of the archaic life forms and species are gone, and this process of disappearence of the old species and evolving new ones keeps going on now. Therefore, whining about species going extinct is not always justified– it may be just a part of the natural process. Some of the oldest bacteria are thermoacidophilic Archeobacter, that nowdays can live only deep under water close to volcanos, enjoying hot bath with several hudnred degrees temperatures. Majority of them were competing and destroying each other. Some life forms formed successful symbiosis combining best of both worlds. For example, absorbing the main source of energy on Earth chloroplasts very likely originally were a separate life form. Ancestors of today's plants (and some protozoa-single cell animals like Euglena) incorporated them into their cells providing shelter and substrates while chloroplasts provided with Sun's energy. Another similar example of successful symbiosis is our ancestors' cell that incorporated mitochondria. Our cell provided, again, shelter and material substrates while mitochondria generated our main source of energy– ATP (adeno-tri-phosphate). Since then our cells have 2 sets of genetics: our famous double helix DNA and mitochondria's circular DNA that has different altogether coding sequences. Male sperm cell, just like original cell, has no incorporated mitochondria. Thus, when the sperm cell uses up all its ATP energy store (typically in 3 days), then it dies. That is why mitochondrial mutations and diseases are passed along only via maternal line, since the ovum has incorporated mitochondria, and genetic studies of our maternal ancestors are also based on the mitochondrial DNA analysis. Paternal studies are based on the short Y-chromosome, and that's how scientists learned that 18% of males in Asia carry genes of Mongolian Genghis Khan. Each night he had a different woman, and if the female offspring was also about 18%, then 36% of Asians are his descendants. As the story goes, he was stabbed to death in the middle of the night by Tibetian princess after he raped her too. Since for such a great warrier was a shame to be killed by a woman, so his court officially announced that he died due to a hunting accident.

Another life form that has survived is a mycoplasma, which unlike us doesn't have a firm cell membrane but rather a thin layer. This life form causes atypical pneumonia and STD with PID, possible infertility and premature births. Slime mold is also pecular life form that can be seen as a single cell organism, as a fungus-like form, and as a multicellular slowly moving slime.

Existing life forms broken down to Kingdoms, Subkingdoms, Classes, Orders, Family and Genus. I personally see natural selection working by 2 mechanisms: evolution and revolution.

Evolution of life forms is slow process of changin existing species, and it is capable of creating other species, but, probably, not other classes.

Revolution of life forms is a rapid change typically due to the catastrophic events such as a huge asteroid hit that unearths radioactive Uranium to the Earth surface. First it kills majority of the life forms with greatly reduced diversity, then it causes massive mutations. Under normal circumstances majority of mutations are detrimental or lethal, while very few are beneficial, and they are relatively rare, so the chance of 2 beneficial mutants meeting each other and starting new Class or Order is exceedingly low. However, when the catastrophe causes massive mutations then the beneficial mutants do have a chance to meet each other and start a new Class or a species with drastic changes. That's how the feathers and the spines have evolved.

Competition exerts a natural selection pressure, frequently selecting the most adapted to the current environment and conditions individuals. They may be the fittest, but under scarce food conditions they might be the smallest, or the slowest --">