Дженис Ванклив - Занимательные опыты по физике

AepeBHHHbIe

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rnepxoro

nanexn.

npa

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KapTOHa.

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BMeCTe.

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6blTb

rroxeutcn asepxy l.\eHTpaAbHOH nene-

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ssrpe-

JKaTb rexy npoexra, HO rrpa 3TOM OTJ\WlaTbClI OT q,OpMyAHpOBKH
3aAaQH. Hanpaxep, BbI H3yqaeTe nporiaexy: «KaK nee BAHlIeT aa

nepaoz, KOAe6aHHH MaHTHHKa 1) XOPOIIIHM 3drOAOBKOM MO}KeT
raxoa: «Bnepea H Hd3aA: peever BpeMeHH rapMOHHlJeCKOrO

ObITb

OCQI1.AMlTOpa)). Ha3BaHHe Ii APyrHe 3arOAOBKH AOAJKHhI 6blTb BbI-

noxtrema dKKYPaTHO H AeI'KO llHTaTbCSI c paccrosnaa IIpHMepHo 1 M.
Bst MOJKeTe HaKAeHBaTb 6YKBbI na AOCKy (KyrrHTe roroaue

aapenee HAH caMH BbIpe>KhTe HX) HAH HaneqaTaihe HX ua

6YKBbl

KOMlIhlO-

repe. OOAe3Ho npaaecra xparxoe pe310Me AO 100 CAOB, 06'WlClUllOI.IJ;ee HCIIOAh30BdHHble HdytlHbIe npHH~HIIbI. Ero MO)KHO paasrec-

noz, 3drOJ\oBKOM. Aro6oH qeAOBeK r He 3HdKOMbIH C IIpeAMeTOM
aaurero uCCAeAOBdHHSI, AOAJKeH no peatoxe AerKO nomm, a l.IeM

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ynopsnoven.

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naeepxy u;eHTpaAb~OHnanexx, a

OCTdh.hHOH MdTeplIaA -

pacrroxa-

rersca cxeaa aanpano IlOA COOTBeTcTByKH.n;HMH 3aroAoBKdMH. 3a~
rOAOBKH 3dBHCHT OT roro, KdKHM 06pa30M BM XDTHTe ynOP.SIA0qHTb
HHepopMa:U;HIO. MOJKHO nOAh30BdTbCH TdKHMH Hd3BdHHSlMH, KdK

«Flponxexa», «Tlpoueaypa».

«Pe3YAhTaTbI» Ii «BhlBOA».

06Cy>KAeHloIe onsrra
)KIOPH AdCT BaM

oneaxy,

HaCKOJ\.hKQ XOPOIIIO Bbi CMOfMf

noarorope-

BHTb.ll H3AO>KHTb Balli OIIbIT Ii 06"bHCHl1Tb era U;eAb r rrp0I(eAypy,

3YAbTaTbl

If

BblBOA. XOTll aa CTeHAe H COAepJKHTClr sea HHepopMa-

IJ;IUI, BhI AOJ\JKHhI YMeTb 06CYAHTb Balli

npocsr )lUapH:

npoexr

M

oraera'rs

Hd BO-

3TD y6eAHT HX B TOM, tITO UMeHHQ BbI rrpOAeAaJ\.H

scro

paoory H noaanaere. QTQ BbI CAeAilJUI. Ilcrpeaapyarecs BHaQaAe
rrepeA APY3bllMH, nonpocare, QTo6bl OHH 3aAaBilJUI BaM nonpocsr.

14

ECJLH
HJlli

BhI He

aaaere

OTBeTa

na nonpoc,

He

nsrraarecs era

yrMdTb

BbIAYMdTb. He rosopare TdlOKe: «51 He 3HdlO». CKaJKHTe AY'lme,

tITO BbI He CMOrAH HaHTH OTBeT B

nponecce HCCAeAOBaHIHl,

a 3aTeM

cooounrre '1TO-HII6YAb mrrepeCHoe "3 HaHAeHIfOro BaM". YBaJKaHTe CBOIO paoory, He ryuryarecs nepez, iKlOplI - nYCTb Balli BMA Bbl-

pascaer ysepeaaocrs,

l.fACTb I

I

rn~--UeHTp TSI>KeCnt:

T04Ka paBHOBeCHSI

AI060H 06'beKT MOJKHO rrpanecra B paBHOBeClIe, eCJl.lI nOMepJKH-

aarr, era

B Hy.>KHOH TOtIRe. 3Ta TOtIKd Hd3bIBaeTCH I.J;eHTpOM TH)Ke-

CTH.

B 3TOM QIIhITe Db! yanaere,

KaK orrpeAeAHTb IJ;eHTP THJKeCTH CliM-

MeTpll'lHOH 06'beMHOH qmryph! (TpeXMepHOH reOMeTpll'leCKOH qmrypsr, KOTOpylO MOJKHO npeACTaBHTb B BlIAe ABYX OAllHaKOBblX noJ1.0BHHOK! C OAHOpOAHOH UAOTHOCTbIO (MaCCOH na eAHHlI~y o6'beMa). BbI Y3HaeTe TaKJKe, KaK HaRTlI uesrrp TllJKeCTH 06'beKTa C Herrpaaaxsaoa epOpMOH H HeOAHOpOAHOH ITJ\OTHOCTbIO, HayqllTecb onpeAeJl.llTb uenrp THJKeCTH UAOCKOH qmryph! (reOMeTpll'leCKOH epllryph!, J1.eJKa~eH na nOBepXHOCTlI). Bbl1l3yqllTe, KaK BblCOTa nenrpa
TSDKeCTH o6'beKTa Ii

urapana

era OCHOBdHHH BJUUllOT Hd era Mexa-

HMlleCKYIO YCTOH'lJHBOCTb (HaCKOAhKO AefKO OH orrpOKH,A,bIBaeTCH).

C 'lera Ha'laTb

LjeAh: HaHTH uearp TllJKeCTlI ClIMMeTpll'lHOH 06'beMHOH epllrypbl C
OAHOpOAHOH

IIJI..OTHOCTblO.

MamepuCIAhl
KyCOK BepeBKH AJl.HHOH 45 CM
CTepJ'KeHb

cesemresr 1 eM

H MHHOft

90 eM

CKON

MapKep
60AhllIaH MeTpOBaH

AHHeHKa

I10pJlgOK geUCDlBUU
1. fIpHBHJKHTe 0AllH KOlIe~ BepeBKH K CTepJKHIO.
2. fIpHKAeiiTe ApyrOH KOHe~ BepeBKH K xparo CTOJl.a. CTepJKeHb
AOlUKeH BHceTh CBo6oAJ;Io.

3. fIepeABHrdH CTepJKeHb CKB03b aepeso-nryro neTJI.IO, A06eiiTecb
roro, tITo6bl OR BHceA ropH30HTaA1::lHO.
4. OTMeTbTe IIOAO)KeHHe sepesxa aa crepsore.
5. C IIOMO~bIO IiliHeRKH H3MepbTe paccrosnae OT 3TOH OTMeiKH
AD 060HX KOHI.J;OB CTepJKHH.

17

l.\eHTp T~lKeCTl1: TOYKa paBHOBeCj,1~

( =====::i:::::=====:ll)
Puc. 1.1

Pe3YAblllaIllhl

Bamn

H3MepeHHH

nosascyr,

tITO OTMeTKa HdXOAHTCH

rrocepeznae

crepxcns. CTep)I(eHh ypaaaonenrea, KorAa OH YAep)l(UBaeTCll B
3TOHTOQKe.

IIO"eMy?
TO"Ka 06'LeMHOil qlHryphl (rpexxepnoa reOMeTpWleCKoii

nesry CHAY. Caxa

aa

ce6S1 TeAD -

3Ha'lHT rrpHAO>KHTb K

IIpHT5Di

aa

KHOIIKy. HaKHHhTe IIeTAIO

aa

KHOIIKy,

na

KOTOpOH BHCHT

rnafr:6o.H, tITo6bl OHa CBo6oARD BMcexa. HIfTKa 6YAeT no-rra rrpaxerars K xaprony. OTMeTbTe ABe
TOqK>! na xaproaxe: 0AllY B03Ae orsepcraa, a APYrylO - Y xpas
(CM. pMC. 1.3). CHIfMIfTe xaproaxy M COeAIIHMTe JUIHMeif3TMABe
TOqKM. IToBTopMTe rrpOI1eAYPY, MCrrOAL3Y" APyrMe oraepcraa B
KapTOH, Ii oTrrycTI1Te HHTKy C

xaproirxe.

AHHHH

nepecexyrca B uerrrpe TH>KeCTH.

20

PUC. 1.3

2a.

CnoC06HOCTb TeAa conpOTHBl\5ITbC5.I orrpOKJ1AbIBaInnO Ha3bIBaeTCH MeXaHHlIeCKOH yCTOH'IHBOCTblO.
Tpa nVKeCTH

rexa H

BbICOTa

KaK

BAIHIeT BhlCOTa QeH-

caxroro rexa na ere) MeXdHlflIeCKyro

ycrOii'lUBOCTb? OPHAYMdiiTe cnoco6 H3MepHTb creneHb MeXdHHQeCKOH: ycrOHlJHBOCTH: B 3dBHCHMOCTH OT BbICOTbI
>KeeTH. OAHHM 113 cnocoooa SIBJUleTCH H3MepeHHe

nearpa T5I-

yrAa,

np» KO-

'rexo, aenpaxep, nycroa 60lJOHOK 113nOA cporonxemct, y KOTOPOro ~eHTP TSIJKeCTH paCnOAOJKeH y
uerrrpa xpsrurexxa (CM. pac. 1.4). OOMecTHTe 60'lOHOK na lIAOCKYKJ rroaepxnocrt., nenpaxep, na AllHeHKy, OAHOH PYKOH 1I0TOpOM OnpOKHAblBaeTcH

CTeneHHO IIOAHHMdHTe ee, H C IlOM0IIJ;hlO

rpaacnoprapa

H3-

MepbTe YTOA, rrpn KOTOPOM OlipOKHAb/BaeTCSI 60'lOHOK. l{To6bI
60QOHOK He CKOhh3HA, nOAQJKHTe TIOA Hero HaJl{Ad'lHyro 6yMary.

21

PHc.1.4
As>yrOH KOHeu; J\.HHeHKH npRJKMHTe K TOACTOH KHHre. tIT06bI AH-

HeHKd He CKOAh3HAa rrpa rrOA'heMe
6.

APyroro KOHl\d.

nOAOJKeHHe Q8HTpa nDK8CTH 60lJOHKa MOJKHO nOHH3H:Th, aanOAHHB era na

0AHY xeraepre llAdCTlIJ\.HHOM. OOBTopHTe OUbIT,

npaxenaa llAaCTlL'\HH K AOHbIlliKY 60QOHKa, 'tJ:To6hl OH He asmaAM.

Terreps

uearp T'DKeCTH 60'lOHKd HaxOAHTCll

y

era AHd, sa-

IIOJ\.HeHHorO IIAdCTHAHHQM,
B.

Texo

OnpOKHAbIBaeTC5I, ecaa era I..J;8HTP THJKeCTH He HaxOAHTCH

Ha Boo6pa)KaeMOH BepTHKaAH, npOXOMlrn;eH xepea era OCHoBaHMe. KaK IlIHpHHa OCHQBaHIHI BAH5IeT na M8XdHHlieCKYlO ycroa-

lIUDOCTb?

Ha

aCROBe

rrpeAbIAym;ero

HCCA8AOBdHHH yCTOWIRBO-

rexa c pa3HOH IT.J\.O~aAblO OCHOBdHHH.
L(eHTp TSIJKeCTH MOJK8T HaxOAHTbC5I BHe T8Aa. Hanpaxep, KaHaCTH HCIIbITdHT8

r.

TOXOAU;Y A8rt18 6a.AaHCHpOBaTb, eCAH on Aep*HT HCKpHBA8H-

22

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