Дженис Ванклив - Занимательные опыты по физике

KOHU;ax,

3dBHCdlOI.IJ;HMH HIDKe BepeBKH,

no xoropoti OH lfAeT (CM. pHC. 1.5 na c. 23). Bec wecra C rpyaaMH nOHH.>KaeT ~eHTP T.IDKeCTH KdHdTOXOMd, KOTOPhIH orrycxaercs HHJKe YPOBHllBepeBKH. npHAYMaiiTe cnoco6 npozeeroacrpHPOBdTb :lTO HBJ\.eHHe.

nenpaxep, astpexcsre

«KdHdTOXOMd»

H3 KBilAparnoro xyco-rxa rodipapoaauaoro xaproae paaecepox
10 x 10 CM. IIpUMe'lWlue: KaHaBKn AOA.JKHbI pacnoxararsca roPH30HTdAbHO. a He BepTIlKaAbHO. DpOAeHbTe KyCOK npOBOAOKH
AAHHOH 30 eM

ee

Hd

xepea

HIUI{HIOIO KdHdBKY KapTOHKH If

nosecsre

KOHIJ;bl MeTaAAMtIeCKHe mdH6nlJXH-rpY3HKH, dHaJ\.OfHt{-

Hble fPY3aM na urecre KaHaTOXOAI\a. YpaBHOBeCbTe q,Hrypy aa
HaTllHYTOH nepenxe. Iloaxcnepnsrenrnpyare C pa3ARQHblMn
KeUHe nerrrpa TH>KeCTH xauarouieroca

rexa.
MamepuClJlhl
KapaHAarn

AHHeHKa
KyCOK KapTOHa

pasnepora 15 x 25 CM

KyCOK xaprone paseseposr 5 x 20 CM
AhlpOKOA
KyCOK "HAMlMeTpOBKH pa3MepoM 5 x 20 CM
CKOTtl

'B Poccan -raxae nrpYUIKH npHWITO aaaereeri,

nBaHbKH·BCTaHbKH)), -

tlou». nep.

MeXaH~YeCKaR YCTO~YI-1BOCTb: 3q,q,eKT «BaHbK~-BcTaHbK~'

25

lIopJlgoK geiiCllUlUil
1. C nOMOll\bIO xapauaanre H /iliHeftKH npoxeprrrre /iliHHIO Ha
60llhIllOM xycxe xaproaa BAOIIh oro A/iliHHOro xpas na paccroaHHH 5 CM OT Hero. 3TO 6YAeT/iliHHR A.
2. Ilpo-reprtrre IiliHHIO Qepe3 neirrp MilAeHbKoft rrOAOCKH xaprona
OT OAHoroKOpOTKOro KPaRAO APyroro. Haxersre ro'lKy B cepcznHe 3TOft AliHHH. C noxoinuo AhIPOKOAa rrpo6eftre 3AeCb MIPKY.

3.

0603Ha"tfbTe OAHU KOpOTKHH: Kpali IIOAOCKH

xaproae

«HH3», 3a-

TeM CAeAaftTeBTOPYID AhIpKy B npasox HHJKHeM yrAY.
4. HilAoJKHTe MilAeHbKYID noaocxy xaproaa aa 60llhIllOft KyCOK
TaR, tITo5bI HX HI1JKHHe Kpa51 COBITaAH, a AeBdSl CTOpCiHd MaAeHh-

xoro
5.

KyCKd

AerAa 6hI aa AHHMtO A.

CKB03b HHJKHIOIO AbIpKy Hd MaAeHbKOH IIOADCKe

xaproua

060-

AJUI AhlPKH aa 60AbIIIOM xaprone.
flpHnoAHHMHTe MilAeHbKYIO KapToHHYID noxocxy H rrpo6eftre
na 3TOM MeCTe AhIPKY.
3HaqbTe KapaHAdIIlOM MeCTO

6.

BHOBb HaAO)f(lITe MdJ\.eHhKyro

xapron

KdK B

rryaxre 4.

noxocxy xaprona

Hd 60A.blIIOH

Cneu,HaAbHhIM fB03AHKOM COeAHHHTe

o6a xycxa xaprona xepes 3THMIpKH.

1. [loAOJKHTe KyCOK MHAIiliMeTpOBKH rroz, MilAellbKYID noxocxy
xaprona Ii aaxperrare ee CKONeM, 3dTeM rrprrxpernrre CKOTtfeM
60llhIllOft KyCOK xaproua K CTOAy (CM. pHC. 2.1).
8. BCTaBbTe KOH'lHK KapaHAaIlla B I1eHTpilAhHYID MIPKy MilAeHbxoro xaprona.
9. [lpHJKHMaR KapallAaIll K MHAIiliMeTpoBoft 6YMare, npautanre
MaAeHhKI1H KapTOH

aanpaso, TaR tITo6hl npoxeprrrn, AHHHIO AD

xpas MliI\J\.HMeTpoBKH.

10.

BhIHhTe

xapanaaur If nOBepHHTe BepXHHH: KapTOH HaAeBO

-

BbI

YBHAHTe cAeA OT KapaHAdIlla aa MHAIiliMeTpoBKe.

Pe3YAbIIlamH
CAeA na MHA..lU1MeTpOBKc, OITHCdHHbIH u;eHTpaAbHOH AbIpKOH sraAeHbKoro xaproaa, noxaasmaer, l.JTO BHaqaAe npn ero npamenaa
AbIPKa cxerxa rrOAHHAaCb.

lIoqeMy?
fTOCKOAbKy KapToHHaH rrOAOCKd cHMMeTpWlHd Ii J.lMeeT 0AlIOPOA-

HYJO IIAOTHOCTb, ee 4eHTp T,5DKeCTH HaXOAHTC5I B I.J;eHTpe - TaM, rAe
BbI cAeAaIili MIpKy. Flepez, Ha'lilAOM npameaas nOAOCKa npeacraaASlAa C060R TeAO B CTaTUlIeCKOM

paanoaecaa (r.e,

B COCTO.5IHI1H no-

26

PHe.2.1

KOSI, 683 ABllJK€HIUl). KaK noxaasrseer CheA QT xepanaaura Ed Mil1\.illiMeTpOBKe, TIp" TIOBOpOTe na Hc60Aj>lIIOR yrOA nearp TlDKeCTH

uearp TSIJK€CTH TeAa
COBITaAaeT cera reOMeTp1P-IeCKHM nerrrpon, npa IIOBopOTe HAM He60AbllIOM OTKAOH€HHI1 T€Aa era IJ;€HTP THJKeCTH BHaqaAe cxerxa

KapTOHKH BHa't:JaAe IIOAHMMaeTCH, T.o., eCN!

rrOAHH:MaeTC5I.

HOBbie nOAXOAbl

Kaxoe B/illHHHe OKa3hIBaeT rrOAOJoK€HI1e uerrrpa T5DKCCTH na

ABI1:)iKeHI-lIO

Tpenne -

JU06oro rexa,
rraxoasuierocs B KOHTalKeHHlI (OTHOmeHHe
CHAbI TpeHHH CKQAbJKer-urn MeJKAY conpHKdCalOII.J;HMHCH nosepx-

YAepJKl1BdIOmeH

HOCTHMH K CHAe,

3TH IIOBepXHOCTH BMeCTe)

AJI5I. nOBepXHOCTeM Kopo6KH H CTOAa no ¢OPMYAe I' = Fc / F N,
rAe I' (MIO) B AaHHoM cxysae 0603HaQaeT K03¢¢HI1HeHT rpeaas
CKO.AhJKeHHH. a

Ff

-

CHAy -rpeHIDI CKOAb)KeHH.H.

C60p cl>aKToB
1.

BhI MO>KeTC ABHrdTh 0AHO TeAO no nOBepXHOCTHAPyroro na KO-

xecaxax. Flpa 3TOM TpeHHH CKOAhJKeHH5I B03HHK8Tb He 6YAeT.
lITO raxoe nrapaxoasre nOAlliHllHHKH? Kax OHM CBDMIT K MHHHMYMY TpeHHe CKOAbJKeHI1JI, eCAH MX nOMeCTIITb Me*AY AB}'M5I
TPYll\HMHC5I rrOBepXHOCT51MH? HaHAHTe OTBeT.bI B yqC6HHKax

no

¢H3RKe.

2. Topaosa B aBTOM06HAe pa6oTdIOT 6AaroAap" 'rpennro. Ilorrpo6yiITe OmeTHTb na sonpoc. IIOqeMY aBTOM06HALHbIe ropxose
rtpoexrapyrorcs TaKHM o6pa30M, lfT06bI BHatIaAe TOpMOJKeHHe
rrpoH3BOAIf.i\OCb nepeAJulMH KOAecaMU, a rrOTOM 3aAHHMU?

nOBepXHOCTHoe HaTSI>KeHHe:

[1]

-

__

nAeHKa Ha nOBepXHOCTH
>KHAKOCTH

KACBbIX KaneJlb II MblhbHbIX ny3blpeii Om.lICHlIeTClI CI1eIIAeHlleM MOAeKYA (cHAoii rrplITlI)I{eHllll Me>KAY rrOA06HbIMll MOAeKYAiL'Illi)
aa nosepxaocra )I{llAKOCTII. Bce MOAeKYAbl aa nosepxaocra AI060ii
)I{llAKOCffi rrplITlITIlBaKlTClI APyr K APYIY. B peayxsrare nosepxaocrHbIH CADIt HaxoAHTCSI a HaTIDKeHHH,

xoropoe

ua3bIBaeTCSI nOBepXHO-

CTHblM. DAarOAaPlI 3TOMY HaTlI)l{eHlllO nosepxaocn, >KllAKocrn BeACT
ce6H nOAo6Ho ynpyroa «KO)I{]{Qe», B KOTOPOH nOMew;aeTC5J JKHAKOCTh.

B 3TOM

nae na

OIIhITe BhI 113~HTe IIOBepXHOCTHoe HaTHJKeHHe If BAH»·

Hero IIOBepXHOCTHo-aKTHBHI::aIX Ao6aBOK

[aeutecra, xoropsre

YMeHbIIlaIOT nosepxaocraoe HaTlI>KeHlle). Bbl onpeaexrrre, KaK aaMeHeHHe nOBepXHOCTHoro HaTHJKeHIDi BllliHeT Hd ABHJKeHHe /KHA-

KoeTH. BbI TdlOKe HccAeAyeTe, KaK nOBepXHOCTHOe Hanl.>KeHHe BAH-

ser na epoPMY xanexr, BOAblll ApyrHX )I{HAKOCTeii. Bsr yaaaere, B xaROH npOIIopU;HH HYJKHO C0eAHHHTb MhI.1\.O C BOAOll, 'lIT06hI nOAytIHTb

HaH60JlblIIHe MblJIbHble rryasrpn.

C '1ero Ha'laTb

lle.JlJh H3ytIHTb nOBepXHOCTHoe HaTHJKeHHe.
MamepuCLW
MHCKa

BOAOrrpOBOAHall BOAa
HOJKHHIJ;bl

6YMa>KHOe rrOAOTeHI1e
MClheHbKdH

cxpenxa

3y60QllCTKa

110pJlgOK geilClIlBuil
1. HanoAHHTe MHCKy na rpa
2.

qeTBepTH BOAOH.

Bblpe)l{bTe ll3 6YMa>KHoro rrOAOTeHJ1a KBaAPaTco CTOpOHiThm 5 eM.

37

nOBepXHOCTHoe HaTHlKeHHe

3. DOMeCTliTe cxperrxy B uearpe 6YMaJKHOrO KBilAjlaTHKa.
4. DOMepJKIIBalI 6YMaJKltblii KBilApaT aa KOHI1b1, nOMeCTHTe ero

na

nOBepXHoCTb BOAbI B MHCKe. DYMara co

ITAaBaTb

cxponxoa

AOAJKHa

na BOAe.

PHc.4.1

5. C nOMOIl1blO 3y60'I1ICTKH exxyparno YTOoHTe 6YMary TaK, "ro6bI cxpemca OCTaAaCb na rrosepxnocra nOAhl.
6. DOHa6AIOAaiiTe aa naasaromea cxpenxoa II onpeaexare, ItaCKOAhKO OHa rrorpyaaxacr, B BOAY.

Pe3YA.bllIallIbI
na IIOBepXHOCTH BOAbI,He norpyscasoxpyr cxpenxa HeMHoro IIQHH3HAC5i.

CKpeUKa nOJUlOCTblO OCTaeTCSI
RCb B

nee,

YpOBeHb BOAhI

I1o"eMY

'
nOoepxHoCTHoe
HdT>I>KeHHe - 3TO cuenxenae MOAeKyA (CHAd ITpHTSlJKeHHH MeJKAYITOAo6HblMH MOAeKyAaMH) B IlAOCKOCTH nOBepXHOCTIl JKIfAl{0CTH, vb-3d

sroro

HaTJVKeHHH IIOBepXHOCTb .>KHAKOCTH Be-

AeT O;611 KaK ynpyroe ITOKpbITHe. DOA oOBepXHOCTblO BOAbI --">