Игорь Петрович Агабекян - Английский язык для бакалавров

ñîãëàñíûå èìåþò äâîéíîå ÷òåíèå,
ñî÷åòàíèÿ äâóõ ñîãëàñíûõ ìîãóò ïåðåäàâàòü îäèí ñîãëàñíûé
çâóê, à 6 ãëàñíûõ áóêâ ïåðåäàþò 20 ãëàñíûõ çâóêîâ â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ïîëîæåíèÿ ãëàñíîé â ñëîâå (óäàðíîå èëè íåóäàðíîå)
è îò òèïà ñëîãà (îòêðûòûé èëè çàêðûòûé).
Ðåêîìåíäóåòñÿ âûó÷èòü òðè îñíîâíûõ ïðàâèëà ïðîèçíîøåíèÿ àíãëèéñêèõ ñëîâ:
1. Êðàòêîñòü èëè äîëãîòà ãëàñíûõ çâóêîâ â ðóññêîì ÿçûêå
íå âëèÿåò íà ñìûñë ñëîâà.  àíãëèéñêîì æå ÿçûêå äîëãîòà èëè êðàòêîñòü ïðîèçíåñåííîãî ãëàñíîãî çâóêà ìåíÿåò ñìûñë ñëîâà. Òàê, [SIp] — êîðàáëü, à [Si:p] — îâöà.
2.  îòëè÷èå îò ðóññêîãî ÿçûêà â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå ñîãëàñíûå çâóêè íå îãëóøàþòñÿ â êîíöå ñëîâà. Îãëóøåíèå ñîãëàñíûõ îòðàæàåòñÿ íà ñìûñëå ñëîâà. Íàïðèìåð: [bxg] —
ñóìêà, [bxk] — ñïèíà.
3. Ãëàñíàÿ áóêâà å â êîíöå ñëîâà íå ÷èòàåòñÿ. ×òåíèå ãëàñíîé áóêâû â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå çàâèñèò îò åå ïîëîæåíèÿ
â ñëîâå (óäàðíîå èëè íåóäàðíîå) è îò òèïà ñëîãà (îòêðûòûé èëè çàêðûòûé).

ÏÐÀÂÈËÀ ×ÒÅÍÈß
Ïðàâèëà ÷òåíèÿ áóêâ à, å, i, î, è, ó è èõ ñî÷åòàíèé
×òåíèå ãëàñíûõ áóêâ à, å, i, î, è, ó çàâèñèò îò
1) òèïà ñëîãà, â êîòîðîì îíè ñòîÿò;
2) óäàðíûå îíè èëè áåçóäàðíûå;
3) îò òîãî, êàêèå áóêâû ñòîÿò âïåðåäè èëè ïîçàäè íèõ.

Ââîäíûé ôîíåòè÷åñêèé êóðñ
I
Îòêðûòûé
Ñëîã îêàí÷èâàåòñÿ
íà ãëàñíóþ
he, she, me



Aa
Ee

Ii Yy

Uu

Oo

Òèïû ñëîãà
III
ãëàñíàÿ+r
óäàðíûé
òèï ñëîãà
[R]
car
[W]
her

I
îòêðûòûé
óäàðíûé
òèï ñëîãà
[eI]
plate
[J]
we

II
çàêðûòûé
óäàðíûé
òèï ñëîãà
[x]
lamp
[e]
ten

[aI]
fine
byte
[jH]
tube

[I]
bit
mystic
[A]
cut

[W]
turn

“[aIq]
fire
tyre
[juq]
cure

[ou]
bone

[O]
not

[L]
short

[L]
more

[W]
girl

IV
ãëàñíàÿ+r+e
óäàðíûé
òèï ñëîãà
[Fq]
share
[Iq]
here

Ïðàâèëà ÷òåíèÿ áóêâîñî÷åòàíèé
Ñî÷åòàíèÿ ñîãëàñíûõ
Áóêâîñî÷åòàíèå
ch
sh
th
th
wh
wh
ng
ck



II
Çàêðûòûé
Ñëîã îêàí÷èâàåòñÿ
íà îäíó èëè
íåñêîëüêî
ñîãëàñíûõ
sit, but, test

Ïðàâèëà ÷òåíèÿ ãëàñíûõ à, å, i, î, è, ó
â óäàðíûõ è áåçóäàðíûõ ñëîãàõ

Ãëàñíûå



I
Óñëîâíî-îòêðûòûé
Ñëîã îêàí÷èâàåòñÿ íà
ñîãëàñíóþ, çà êîòîðîé
ñëåäóåò íåïðîèçíîñèìàÿ
áóêâà e
make, note, time

Ïðîèçíîøåíèå
[C]
[S]
[T]
[D]
[w]
[h]
[N]
[k]

Ïðèìåð
chair
she
thin
this
what
who
long
clock

áåçóäàðíûé
ñëîã
[q]
ago
[q] [I]
absent,
forest
[I]
music,
copy
[q] [jH]
success
unite
[q] [ou]
confer,
retro

7

8

Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê äëÿ áàêàëàâðîâ
Íåïðîèçíîñèìûå ñîãëàñíûå
Áóêâîñî÷åòàíèå
igh
kn
wr
gn



Ïðîèçíîøåíèå
[aI]
[n]
[r]
[n]

Ïðèìåð
high, light
know, knife
write, wrong
sign

Çâóêè [i], [i:]
Ãëàñíûé çâóê [i]

Ïðè ïðîèçíåñåíèè êðàòêîãî ãëàñíîãî çâóêà [i] êîí÷èê ÿçûêà
íàõîäèòñÿ ó îñíîâàíèÿ íèæíèõ çóáîâ: îòòåíîê ðóññêîãî çâóêà
[è] â ñëîâàõ øèòü, øèëî ïðàêòè÷åñêè ñîâïàäàåò ñ àíãëèéñêèì
[i]: it, sit, in.
Ãëàñíûé çâóê [i:]
Ïðè ïðîèçíåñåíèè äîëãîãî ãëàñíîãî [i:] ÿçûê ïðîäâèíóò
âïåðåä, êîí÷èê ÿçûêà êàñàåòñÿ íèæíèõ çóáîâ, ãóáû íåñêîëüêî ðàñòÿíóòû è ñëåãêà îáíàæàþò çóáû. Îòòåíîê ðóññêîãî çâóêà
[è] â ñëîâàõ èâà, èãî, èãðû, èçáû ïðàêòè÷åñêè ñîâïàäàåò ñ àíãëèéñêèì çâóêîì [i:].
Ñî÷åòàíèÿ åå, åà ÷èòàþòñÿ êàê [i:]. Íàïðèìåð meet, peat.
Äîëãîòà çâóêà âëèÿåò íà ëåêñè÷åñêîå çíà÷åíèå ñëîâà.
Íàïðèìåð: feet (íîãè) — fit (ïîäõîäèòü), steel (ñòàëü) —
still (âñå åùå)
Exercise A
lead — lid
did — bill
pill — peel
sit — seat

if — it — ti p — kit
mill — meal
keel — kill

Ââîäíûé ôîíåòè÷åñêèé êóðñ

9

Exercise Â
did — deed
fit — feet
lid — lead

pit — peat
it — eat

Exercise Ñ
bin — bean
sit — seat
feel — fill
feet — fit
eat — bean
simple — Pete
feel — peel
meet — meat
ill — bill
steel — feel

beat — bin
steel — still

Exercise D
be — been — bean
see — seat — seed
pea — Pete — peat
bee — been — feet

me — meet — meat
meal — seal — mean
sea — see — meet
mean — lean — keen

Exercise E
I see a sea. I see lean meat. I eat meat. I like meat.
I like tea. I make tea. I take tea. I like fine tea. I like fine
meals.
Çâóêè [å], [x]
Ãëàñíûé çâóê [å]
Ïðè ïðîèçíåñåíèè ãëàñíîãî [å] ìàññà ÿçûêà íàõîäèòñÿ â
ïåðåäíåé ÷àñòè ðîòîâîé ïîëîñòè. Êîí÷èê ÿçûêà íàõîäèòñÿ ó
íèæíèõ çóáîâ. Ãóáû ñëåãêà ðàñòÿíóòû. Çâóê áëèçîê ê ðóññêîìó çâóêó [ý] â ñëîâàõ ýòè, æåñòü.

10

Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê äëÿ áàêàëàâðîâ

Ãëàñíûé çâóê [x]
Ïðè ïðîèçíåñåíèè çâóêà [x] ãóáû íåñêîëüêî ðàñòÿíóòû,
íèæíÿÿ ÷åëþñòü ñèëüíî îïóùåíà, êîí÷èê ÿçûêà êàñàåòñÿ íèæíèõ çóáîâ, à ñðåäíÿÿ ñïèíêà ÿçûêà íåìíîãî âûãèáàåòñÿ âïåðåä è êâåðõó.
Exercise A
am — Ann — lamp
sat — hat — bat

man — can — cat
Pat — rat — cam

Exercise Â
tan — ten
bad — bed
tanned — tent
man — men

pan — pen
land — lend
fan — fen
pat — pet

Exercise Ñ
bat — bet
let — met

pet — net — red
ten — pen — men — hen
Çâóêè [R], [A], [Fq], --">